This new six-volume collection from Routledge and Edition Synapse brings together key documents from the Victorian feminist campaign to establish and improve girls’ and women’s education. The set is divided into two sections, both of which incorporate materials that argue for the improvement of girls’ and women’s education as well as arguments made against education for girls and women. The first section focuses on the debate surrounding the quality of women’s education and the question of access to higher education for women. This section also brings together documents from the feminist campaign with writing from the established press on the question of women’s higher education, and writings from the Social Sciences Association where many education reformers aired their views. The second section concentrates on the strengths and successes of Victorian women as educators, and highlights some of the most influential women in the field of education during this era.
Drawing widely on articles from the feminist and established press, government papers, newspapers, professional and association journals, as well as memoirs, addresses, pamphlets, and reviews, this essential collection gives researchers excellent and comprehensive access to nineteenth-century debates on improving girls’ and women’s education, and women’s work as educators.
Show moreThis new six-volume collection from Routledge and Edition Synapse brings together key documents from the Victorian feminist campaign to establish and improve girls’ and women’s education. The set is divided into two sections, both of which incorporate materials that argue for the improvement of girls’ and women’s education as well as arguments made against education for girls and women. The first section focuses on the debate surrounding the quality of women’s education and the question of access to higher education for women. This section also brings together documents from the feminist campaign with writing from the established press on the question of women’s higher education, and writings from the Social Sciences Association where many education reformers aired their views. The second section concentrates on the strengths and successes of Victorian women as educators, and highlights some of the most influential women in the field of education during this era.
Drawing widely on articles from the feminist and established press, government papers, newspapers, professional and association journals, as well as memoirs, addresses, pamphlets, and reviews, this essential collection gives researchers excellent and comprehensive access to nineteenth-century debates on improving girls’ and women’s education, and women’s work as educators.
Show moreVolume I: Emily Davies and the Higher Education of Women
1. Emily Davies, ‘On Secondary Instruction, As Relating to Girls’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1864): 394–404
2. —— The Higher Education of Women (1866). 193pp.
3. —— ‘Some Account of a Proposed New College for Women’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1868): 400–3
4. —— ‘The Training of the Imagination’, Contemporary Review, September 1869: 25–37
5. —— Thoughts on Some Questions Relating to Women. 228pp.
Volume II: Girls’ and Women’s Education: Arguments and Experiences
6. Harriet Martineau, ‘On Female Education’, Monthly Repository (1823): 77–81
7. —— ‘What Women are Educated For’, Reasons for Female Education (London: 1861), pp. 97–106
8. Marion Reid (Mrs Hugo), ‘Education’, A Plea for Women (Edinburgh: William Tait, 1843), pp. 174–206
9. ‘Female Education in the Middle Classes’, English Woman’s Journal 1 (1858): 217–27
10. ‘Physical Training’, English Woman’s Journal 1 (1858): 145–57
11. W. B. Hodgson, ‘The General Education of Woman’, English Woman’s Journal 5 (1860): 73–84.
12. A. R. L., ‘Tuition or Trade?’, English Woman’s Journal 5 (1860): 173–83
13. J. G. Fitch, ‘The Education of Women’, Victoria Magazine 2 (1864): 432–53
14. Harry Chester, ‘The Education of Women in London’, Victoria Magazine 3 (1864): 481–5
15. J. P. Norris, ‘On the Proposed Examination of Girls of the Professional and Middle Classes’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1864): 404–12
16. James Davies, ‘Female Education’, Edinburgh Review, April 1866:499–515
17. Thomas Markby, ‘The Education of Women’, Contemporary Review, March 1866: 396–414
18. Millicent Garrett Fawcett, ‘The Medical and General Education of Women’, Fortnightly Review 10 (1868): 554–71
19. —— ‘The Education of Women in the Middle and Upper Classes’, Macmillan’s Magazine 17 (1868): 511–17
20. Whately Cooke Taylor, ‘On Indirect Sources of Advanced Female Education’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1868): 403–9
21. Thomas Markby, ‘On The Education of Women’, Contemporary Review, February 1868: 242–61
22. J. B. Mayor, ‘The Cry of the Women’, Contemporary Review, June 1869: 196–215
23. V., ‘The Powers of Women, and How to Use Them’, Contemporary Review, July 1870: 521–39
24. Richard Frederick Littledale, ‘The Religious Education of Women’, Contemporary Review, June 1872: 1–26
25. Elizabeth Eastlake, ‘The Englishwoman at School’, Quarterly Review, July 1878: 254–7
26. Lady Stanley of Alderley, ‘Personal Recollections of Women’s Education’, Nineteenth Century 6, August 1879: 308–21
27. B. G. Johns, ‘The Education of Women’, Edinburgh Review, July 1887: 89–114
28. Helen McKerlie, ‘The Lower Education of Women’, Contemporary Review 60 (1887): 112–19
Volume III: Education of Working Women and of Middle-Class Girls
Part 1: Working Women’s Education.
29. Fanny Hertz, ‘Mechanics’ Institutes for Working Women, With Special Reference to the Manufacturing Districts of Yorkshire’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1859): 347–54
30. ‘Working Women’s College’, Victoria Magazine 8 (1866): 97–106
31. ‘Education Amongst the Working Women of Huddersfield and Bradford’, Englishwoman’s Review 2 (1869): 181–8
32. Frances Martin, ‘A College for Working Women’, Macmillan’s Magazine 40 (1879): 483–8
Part 2: Education of Girls, Particularly Middle-Class Girls
33. ‘An Inquiry into the State of Girls’ Fashionable Schools’, Fraser’s Magazine 31 (1845): 703–12
34. ‘Colleges for Girls’, English Woman’s Journal 2 (1859): 361–74
35. Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon, ‘Middle-Class Schools for Girls: A Paper Read at the Meeting of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, Glasgow, 1860’, English Woman’s Journal 6 (1860): 168–77
36. Jessie Boucherett, ‘On the Education of Girls with Reference to their Future Position: A Paper Read at the Meeting of the Association for the Promotion of Social Science, Glasgow, 1860’, English Woman’s Journal 6 (1860): 217–24
37. ‘Training of Girls; or the Vexed Problem’, English Woman’s Journal 9 (1862): 104–9
38. Jessie Boucherett, ‘Endowed Schools, Their Uses and Shortcomings’, English Woman’s Journal 9 (1862): 20–8
39. ‘Science for Women’, English Woman’s Journal 9 (1862): 145–56
40. W. B. Hodgson, ‘The Education of Girls Considered in Connexion with the University Local Examinations’, Victoria Magazine 3 (1864): 250–71
41. Archibald Maclaren, ‘Girls’ Schools’, Macmillan’s Magazine 10 (1864): 409–16
42. Harriet Martineau, ‘Middle-Class Education in England: Girls’, Cornhill Magazine 10 (1864): 549–68
43. F. D. Maurice, ‘What Better Provision Ought to be Made for the Education of Girls of the Upper and Middle Classes?’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1865): 268–74
44. Anne Jemima Clough, ‘Hints on the Organisation of Girls’ Schools’, Macmillan’s Magazine 14 (1866): 435–9
45. Isabella M. S. Tod, ‘Advanced Education for Girls of the Upper and Middle Classes’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1867): 368–78
46. B. E. W., ‘Is Emulation a Lawful and Efficient Means of Promoting the Education of Women?’, Englishwoman’s Review 1 (1867): 275–9
47. ‘What Results Should be Sought in the Education of Girls, and How Are Such Results Most Likely to be Attained?’, Englishwoman’s Review 2 (1868): 354–9
48. M. Burrows, ‘Female Education’, Quarterly Review 126 (1869): 448–79
49. Daniel Robert Fearon, ‘Girls’ Grammar Schools’, Contemporary Review 11 (1869): 333–54
50. Elizabeth C. Wolstenholme, ‘The Education of Girls, Its Present and Its Future’, in Josephine Butler (ed.), Woman’s Work and Woman’s Culture (London: Macmillan, 1869), pp. 290–330
51. ‘Mixed Education’, Englishwoman’s Review 5 (1872): 153–62
52. Dudley Campbell, ‘Mixed Education of Boys and Girls’, Contemporary Review 22 (1873): 256–65
53. Elizabeth Sewell, ‘An Experiment in Middle-Class Education’, Macmillan’s Magazine 25 (1872): 243–9
54. Isabella Tod, On the Education of Girls of the Middle Classes (London: William Ridgway, 1874), pp. 3–17
55. Millicent Garrett Fawcett, ‘Holes in the Education Net’, Contemporary Review 51 (1887): 639–53
Volume IV: Higher Education for Women
Part 1: Women and Universities56. F. D. Maurice, ‘Plan of a Female College for the Help of the Rich and the Poor’, in F. D. Maurice (ed.), Lectures to Ladies on Practical Subjects (Cambridge: Macmillan, 1855), pp. 1–25
57. ‘The Influence of University Degrees on the Education of Women’, Victoria Magazine 1 (1863): 260–71
58. A Member of Convocation, ‘The University of London and the Graduation of Women’, English Woman’s Journal 11 (1863): 270–5
59. F. P. Cobbe, ‘The Education of Women and How it Would be Affected by University Examinations’, Essays on the Pursuits of Women (London: Emily Faithfull, 1863), pp. 216–39
60. ‘The Proposed College for Women’, Englishwoman’s Review 2 (1869): 176–81
61. J. Llewelyn Davies, ‘A New College for Women’, Macmillan’s Magazine 18 (1868): 168–75
62. James Stuart, ‘The Teaching of Science’, in Josephine Butler (ed.), Woman’s Work and Woman’s Culture (London: Macmillan, 1869), pp. 121–51
63. Sophia Jex-Blake, ‘The Medical Education of Women’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1873): 385–93
64. J. B. Mayor, ‘A Conservative Plea for the Higher Education of Women’, Victoria Magazine 23 (1874): 434–62
65. ‘The Education of Girls: Their Admissibility to Universities’, Westminster Review 109 (1878): 56–90
66. Mrs Byers and Helen Blackburn, ‘How May the Higher Education of Women Be Most Efficiently Advanced in Ireland?’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1881): 413–33
67. Millicent Garrett Fawcett, ‘The Use of Higher Education to Women: Address to the Students of Bedford College’, Contemporary Review 50 (1886): 719–27
68. ‘The Higher Education of Women’, Westminster Review 129 (1888): 152–62
69. J. Fitch, ‘Women and the Universities’, Contemporary Review 58 (1890): 240–55
70. Thomas Case, ‘Against Oxford Degrees for Women’, Fortnightly Review 64 (1895): 89–100
71. Millicent Garrett Fawcett, ‘Degrees for Women at Oxford’, Contemporary Review 69 (1896): 347–56
72. J. R. Tanner, ‘Degrees for Women at Cambridge’, Fortnightly Review 117 (1897): 716–27
73. Percy Gardner, ‘The Women at Oxford and Cambridge’, Quarterly Review 186 (1897): 529–51
Part 2: Sex and Mind in Education
74. ‘Why Boys Are Cleverer Than Girls’, English Woman’s Journal 2 (1858): 116–18
75. Lydia Becker, ‘Is There Any Specific Distinction Between Male and Female Intellect?’, Englishwoman’s Review 2 (1868): 483–91
76. Lydia Becker, ‘The Equality of Women: Miss Becker’s Paper Read Before the British Association for the Advancement of Science’, Englishwoman’s Review 2 (1868): 48–55
77. Whately Cooke Taylor, ‘On the Separation of the Sexes in Education’, Victoria Magazine 14 (1869): 145–60
78. Lydia Becker, ‘On the Study of Science by Women’, Contemporary Review 10 (1869): 386–404
79. Henry Maudsley, ‘Sex and Mind in Education’, Fortnightly Review 21 (1874): 466–83
80. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, ‘Sex in Mind and Education: A Reply’ Fortnightly Review 21 (1874): 582–94
81. Alexander Keiller MD, FRSE and Miss Edith Pechey, MD, ‘What May Be the Dangers of Educational Overwork For Both Sexes, With Special Reference to the Higher Classes of Girls’ Schools, and the Effects of Competitive Examinations?’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1880): 420–54
Volume V: Women as Educators: Dorothea Beale, Frances Mary Buss, Maria Grey, and Emily Shirreff
82. Dorothea Beale (ed.), ‘Evidence Given Before the Commissioners in London, by Miss Emily Davies’, Reports Issued By the Schools’ Inquiry Commission on the Education of Girls (London: David Nutt, 1869), pp. 181–95
83. —— (ed.), ‘Examination of Miss Frances Buss’, Reports Issued By the Schools’ Inquiry Commission on the Education of Girls (London: David Nutt, 1869), pp. 213–28
84. —— ‘The Ladies’ College at Cheltenham’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1865): 274–87
85. —— ‘University Examinations for Women’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1874): 478–90
86. —— Home Life in Relation to Day Schools (London: Association of Headmistresses of Endowed and Proprietary Schools, 1879), pp. 3–7
87. —— A Few Words to Those Who Are Leaving (London: George Bell, 1881), pp. 3–18
88. —— Address to Parents (London: George Bell, 1888), pp. 3–14
89. —— ‘Introduction’, in Dorothea Beale, Lucy H. M. Soulsby, and Jane Frances Dove (eds.), Work and Play in Girls’ Schools (London: Longmans, 1901), pp. 1–36
90. —— ‘Care of Self’, Addresses to Teachers (London: Longmans, 1909), pp. 12–16
91. —— ‘Special Faults of Teachers’, Addresses to Teachers (London: Longmans, 1909), pp. 26–33
92. Frances Mary Buss, ‘The End of Term’, Leaves from the Note-Books of Frances M. Buss, ed. Grace Toplis (London: Macmillan, 1896), pp. 48–53
93. Maria G. Grey and Emily Shirreff, ‘Views of Life, and Their Influence on Education’, Thoughts on Self-Culture, Addressed to Women, 2 vols. (London: Edward Moxon, 1850), pp. 43–75
94. —— ‘Method’, Thoughts on Self-Culture, Addressed to Women, 2 vols. (London: Edward Moxon, 1850), pp. 94–121
95. Maria Grey, Last Words to Girls on Life in School and After School (London: Rivingtons, 1889), pp. 201–21
96. —— ‘The National Union for Improving the Education of Women’, letter to The Times (London: William Ridgway, 1872), pp. 3–7
97. —— ‘Education of Women’, letter to The Times (1871)
98. —— ‘On the Organisation of Lectures and Classes For Women’, Journal of the Women’s Education Union 1 (1873): 196–204
99. —— ‘Paper on the Special Requirements for Improving the Education of Girls’ (London: William Ridgway, 1872), 3–28
100. —— ‘Public Meeting at the Chelsea Vestry Hall, in Support of Mrs. William Grey’s Candidature’, The School Board of London: Three Addresses (London: W. Ridgway, 1871), pp. 6–14
101. —— ‘The Women’s Educational Movement’, in Theodore Stanton (ed.), The Woman Question in Europe (London: G. P. Putnam, 1884), pp. 30–62
102. E. Shirreff, Intellectual Education and its Influences on the Character and Happiness of Women (1858; 1862). 20 pp.
103. Emily Shirreff, The Work of the National Union (London: William Ridgway, 1873), pp. 1–2, 19–28, Appendix I
104. —— ‘Girton College’, Journal of the Women’s Education Union 1 (1873): 113–16
105. —— The Kindergarten: Principles of Frobel’s System, and Their Bearing on the Education of Women. Also, Remarks on the Higher Education of Women (London: Chapman and Hall, 1876), pp. 1–7, 42–60, 63–74
106. —— Kindergarten Teachers and Their Qualifications (London: William Rice, 1885), pp. 3–14
107. —— ‘College Education for Women’, Contemporary Review 15 (1870): 55–66
108. —— ‘Some Modern Hindrances to Education: The Study of Education Neglected by Women’, Journal of the Women’s Education Union 7 (1879): 77–82
109. —— ‘The Work of the World and Women’s Share in It’, Journal of the Women’s Education Union 9 (1881): 34–7, 52–6, 68–72
Volume VI: Women as Educators: Mary Carpenter, Sara Burstall, Arguments and Experiences
Teaching as a Profession for Women
110. ‘Hints on the Modern Governess System’, Fraser’s Magazine (1844): 571–83
111. Sarah Lewis, ‘On the Social Position of Governesses’, Fraser’s Magazine (1848). 14 pp.
112. ‘Going a Governessing’, English Woman’s Journal 1 (1858): 396–404
113. Bessie Rayner Parkes, ‘The Profession of the Teacher: The Annual Reports of the Governesses’ Benevolent Institution, from 1843 to 1856’, English Woman’s Journal 1 (1858): 1–13
114. Bessie Rayner Parkes, Remarks on the Education of Girls, 3rd edn. (London: Chapman, 1856), pp. 5–24
115. Angela Burdett Coutts, ‘Project for Young Ladies as Schoolmistresses’, English Journal of Education 12 (1858): 148–52
116. ‘Women as Educators’, English Journal of Education 11, 258–62
117. ‘The London Association of Schoolmistresses’, Englishwoman’s Review (1868): 9–12
118. George Butler, ‘Education Considered as a Profession for Women’, Woman’s Work and Woman’s Culture, ed. Josephine Butler (1869), pp. 49–77
119. Louisa M. Hubbard, Work for Ladies in Elementary Schools (London: Longmans, 1872), pp. 1–26
120. —— ‘Elementary Teaching, A Profession for Ladies’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1873): 370–84
Children’s Education
121. J. P. Norris, ‘On Girls’ Industrial Training’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1859): 366–77
122. Louisa Twining, ‘On the Training and Supervision of Workhouse Girls’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1859): 696–702
123. W. E. Jelf, ‘Home and School Education’, Contemporary Review, October 1866: 220–36
124. ‘Middle-Class Schools for Girls’, Englishwoman’s Review (1867): 285–8
125. ‘Technical Education of Girls’, Englishwoman’s Review (1868): 1–9
126. ‘A Few Thoughts Upon the Education of Girls’, Victoria Magazine 14 (1869): 1–11
127. Menella B. Smedley, ‘The English Girl’s Education’, Contemporary Review, April 1870: 29–41
128. J. C. Ayrton, ‘A Woman’s View of Compulsory Education’, Victoria Magazine 16 (1871): 271–5
129. Mary Gurney, ‘The Establishment of Girls’ Public Middle-Class Schools’, Englishwoman’s Review (1872): 5–17
130. —— ‘Workhouse Schools For Girls’, Macmillan’s Magazine, November 1874: 27–36
131. Louisa M. Hubbard, A Few Words to the Mothers of Little Children (London: Hatchards, Piccadilly, 1880), pp. 5–29
132. Frances Martin, ‘The Other Side of the Question’, Macmillan’s Magazine, April 1881: 461–4
133. Mrs Christopher G. B. Corbett, ‘The Education of Children’, Macmillan’s Magazine, January 1890, 186–92
134. Emily C. Cook, ‘On the Education of Girls’, Macmillan’s Magazine, May 1893: 33–7
135. Mrs Edward Cartwright, ‘A Village School’, Macmillan’s Magazine, April 1895: 455–61
136. Margaret Robertson, ‘Resident Schools and Boarding Houses’, in Sara A. Burstall and M. A. Douglas (eds.), Public Schools for Girls: A Series of Papers on Their History, Aims, and Schemes of Study (London: Longmans, 1911), pp. 226–44
Mary Carpenter
137. Mary Carpenter, ‘The Girls’, Juvenile Delinquents: Their Condition and Treatment (Bristol: 1851), pp. 81–117
138. —— An Address Read at the Conference on Ragged Schools Held at Birmingham (Birmingham: Benjamin Hall, 1861), pp. 3–10
139. —— ‘On the Education of Pauper Girls’, English Woman’s Journal 9 (1862): 321–8
140. —— ‘On Female Education in India’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1867): 405–18
141. ‘Female Education’, National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (1869): 351–64
Sara Burstall
142. Sara Burstall, ‘The Aim of Girls’ Education’, English High Schools for Girls (London: Longmans, 1907), pp. 1–15
143. —— ‘Rise and Development of Public Secondary Schools for Girls, 1850–1910’, in Sara A. Burstall and M. A. Douglas (eds.), Public Schools for Girls: A Series of Papers on Their History, Aims, and Schemes of Study (London: Longmans, 1911), pp. 1–21
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