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Fundamentals of Nursing Models, Theories and Practice
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Table of Contents

About the series viii


Dedication ix


Preface x


How to use your textbook xii


About the companion website xvii


Chapter 1 The case for nursing theory 1


Introduction 2


The necessity and meaning of theory 4


Theory defined 5


Construction of theory 9


Theory and science of nursing 11


Other interpretations of theory 13


Main paradigms and philosophies and their influence on the development of nursing science 14


Theory and practice of nursing 16


Do we really need theory? 18


Nursing theories today 18


Conclusion 21


Chapter 2 Knowing in nursing and nursing knowledge 23


Introduction 24


Defining knowing and knowledge 24


Philosophies of knowledge 25


How do nurses know? 35


Developing nursing knowledge 48


Conclusion 52


Chapter 3 Theory from practice and practice from theory 53


Introduction 54


First steps – reflecting on theory 54


The questions begged 55


Developing nursing theory 56


Levels of theory 58


The relationship between theory and practice 69


The questions begged – some answers 76


Conclusion 77


Chapter 4 Nursing theories and new nursing roles 79


Introduction 80


Defining role 81


Background to the development of new roles in nursing 81


Some implications of the new nursing roles 84


Using theory to understand new roles in nursing 85


Conclusion 97


Chapter 5 Nursing theories or nursing models 99


Introduction 100


Reasons for historical nursing theory evolution 100


Model 102


Theory 103


Theory or model? 104


The classification of theories 106


Current trends in nursing theories 109


The nursing metaparadigm 110


Limitations of nursing theories 114


Benefits of nursing theories 118


Conclusions 121


Chapter 6 Interpersonal relationships: the essence of nursing models and theories 123


Introduction 124


Types of interpersonal relationships 124


Interpersonal theories of nursing 127


Implications for nurse education 133


Social capital 135


Threats to the development of interpersonal relationships in nursing and the use of interpersonal theories 136


Conclusion 138


Chapter 7 How to select a suitable model or theory 140


Introduction 141


Selecting an appropriate nursing theory 142


Potential problems when selecting a nursing theory 143


Choosing a suitable nursing theory 150


Nurses’ own philosophy as a basis for selecting a theory 153


A strategy for choice 154


Who should select the theory? 155


Nursing theories or theories developed by another discipline? 156


Conclusion 158


Chapter 8 Research and theory: some relationships 161


Introduction 162


Building theory through research: an inductive approach 162


Is the link between theory and research strong? 165


Research in nursing 166


Theory-generating research (TGR) 167


Theory-testing research (TTR) 171


Theory-framed research (TFR) 174


Theory-evaluating research (TER) 175


Strategies for theory development through research 180


Conclusions 184


Chapter 9 Criteria for theory description, analysis and evaluation 186


Introduction 187


The evaluator of a nursing theory 187


Significance of the theory 187


Step 1: Theory description 189


Step 2: Theory analysis 192


Step 3: Theory evaluation 201


Conclusion 206


References 208


Index 220

About the Author

Hugh P. McKenna CBE is Pro Vice Chancellor of Research and Innovation at University of Ulster, UK.
Majda Pajnkihar is Dean, Senior Research Fellow, and Head of Institute of Nursing Care in the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Slovenia.
Fiona Murphy is Associate Professor at the College of Human & Health Sciences, Swansea University, UK.

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