Table of Contents

Abbreviations ix Preface xi Introduction 1 Part One: First Things Chapter One: "Que les philosophes medicinassent": Leibniz's Encounter withMedicine and Its Experimental Context 25 Chapter Two: The "Hydraulico-Pneumatico-Pyrotechnical Machine of Quasi-Perpetual Motion": Leibniz on Animal Economy 59 Part Two: From Animal Economyto Subtle Anatomy Chapter Three: Organic Bodies, Part I: Nature and Structure 97 Chapter Four: Organic Bodies, Part II: Context and Legacy 137 Part Three: The Origins of Organic Form Chapter Five:The Divine Preformation of Organic Bodies 165 Chapter Six: Games of Nature, the Emergence of Organic Form, and theProblem of Spontaneity 197 Part Four: Species Chapter Seven: The Nature and Boundaries of Biological Species 235 Appendixes 1.Directions Pertaining to the Institution of Medicine (1671) 275 2.The Animal Machine (1677) 288 3.The Human Body, Like That of Any Animal, Is a Sort of Machine (1680-86) 290 4.On Writing the New Elements of Medicine (1682-83) 297 5.On Botanical Method (1701) 303 Notes 311 Bibliography 357 Index 375

About the Author

Justin E. H. Smith is associate professor of philosophy at Concordia University in Montreal. He is the editor of The Problem of Animal Generation in Early Modern Philosophy.

Reviews

"Smith thus offers a broader historical context than the title suggests. But with Divine Machines, Leibniz himself emerges as a fascinating example of the early modern obsession with the grand questions about life, and is for this reason certainly of interest to historians of science and medicine."--Stephanie Eichberg, British Journal for the History of Science "Smith's ... book affords quite a number of innovative analyses and is due to become a landmark of Leibniz studies."--Francois Duchesneau, HOPOS: Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science "Even in the instances where the reader's doubts linger, Smith's scholarship makes a convincing case and one is required to look anew at Leibniz's most well known commitments. For the contributions it makes in our understandings of Leibniz and for the way in which Leibniz is integrated in the emergence of the life sciences, Divine Machines is highly recommended reading."--Lea F. Schweitz, Aestimatio