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Although portrayed as a liberal law of co-existence of and co-operation between states, international law has always been a welfarist law, too. Emerging in eighteenth-century Europe, it soon won favour globally. Not only did it minister to the interests of states and their concern for stability, but it was also an interventionist law designed to ensure the happiness and well-being of peoples. Hence international law initially served as a secularised eschatological model, replacing the role of religion in ensuring the proper ordering of mankind, which was held to be both one and divided. That initial vision still drives our post-Cold War globalised world. Contemporary international law is neither a strictly welfarist law nor a strictly liberal law, but is in fact a liberal-welfarist law. In the conjunction of these two purposes lies one of the keys to its meaning and a partial explanation for its continuing ambivalence.
Although portrayed as a liberal law of co-existence of and co-operation between states, international law has always been a welfarist law, too. Emerging in eighteenth-century Europe, it soon won favour globally. Not only did it minister to the interests of states and their concern for stability, but it was also an interventionist law designed to ensure the happiness and well-being of peoples. Hence international law initially served as a secularised eschatological model, replacing the role of religion in ensuring the proper ordering of mankind, which was held to be both one and divided. That initial vision still drives our post-Cold War globalised world. Contemporary international law is neither a strictly welfarist law nor a strictly liberal law, but is in fact a liberal-welfarist law. In the conjunction of these two purposes lies one of the keys to its meaning and a partial explanation for its continuing ambivalence.
Introduction; Part I. The Modern Law of Nations: 1. The law of nations of the Moderns: a new discipline; 2. The liberal purpose of the modern law of nations: liberty, equality and security for states; 3. State interests and self-esteem; 4. The modern law of nations between free-enterprise and protectionism; 5. The welfarist purpose of the modern law of nations: the happiness of the people and the advancement of states; 6. Cooperation and assistance to states between liberalism and welfarism; 7. The liberal-welfarist law of nations: a code of good conduct to discipline European states; 8. Goodness, freedom and justice; Conclusion; Part II. Classical International Law: 9. A modern commentator turned classical: the Vattelian moment; 10. The triumph of the liberal purpose of international law; 11. Liberal international law outflanked. A welfarist purpose for the rest of the world; 12. Intellectual and political explanations and justifications for the change; 13. Classical international law in the age of free-enterprise: between free-trade and protectionism; 14. Liberal vision, dogmatic foundation and the appeal of liberalism; 15. Concerns about social and economic inequality. The emergence of a new welfarist purpose; 16. The emergence of concerns for human rights; Conclusion; Part III. Contemporary International Law: 17. Continuities and discontinuities of the classical model; 18. The two liberal purposes of contemporary international law; 19. The dilemmas of the new liberal purpose (I): democracy, human rights and the rule of law; 20. The dilemmas of the new liberal purpose (II): humanitarian interventions, identities and cultures; 21. The status report and general prospects for the new liberal and democratic purpose; 22. The economic liberalism of contemporary international law: between Keynesian objectives and the triumph of free trade; 23. The general advancement of the welfarist purpose: characteristics and difficulties; 24. The specific advancement of the welfarist purpose: Third World(s) and development; Conclusion.
Emmanuelle Jouannet explores the concept of international law from the European Enlightenment to the post-Cold War world.
Emmanuelle Jouannet is a Professor of International Law at the Sorbonne, where she currently directs the interdisciplinary programme 'International Law and Justice in a Global World'.
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